Kuyamba kwa Copper (II) chloride
Mkuwa (II) chloride, imadziwikanso kuti chikho cha chloride, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi formula. Imakhalapo mu mitundu iwiri: chikasu - mawonekedwe a boarnrous bornhruus form ndi buluu - Fomu Yobiriwira Dinhyrate Fomu (Cuhy₂₂ 2₂h Mafomu onsewa amachitika mwachilengedwe, ngakhale sakonda, monga mchere wa tolbachite ndi eriochalcite, motero. M'mayiko opanga mafakitale, mkuwa (II) mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati co - chothandizira pamankhwala osiyanasiyana, makamaka mu wacker njira yopanga acetaldehyde kuchokera ku ethledalde.
● Zida zopangira zamkuwa ii chlorider
Kupanga mkuwa (II) chloride, zinthu zingapo zopangira ndizofunikira. Ngwazi yoyamba yamkuwa imaphatikizapo mkuwa wachitsulo, oxides a mkuwa, ndi mchere wamkuwa monga mkuwa (II) carbonate. Chlorine mpweya (cl₂) ndi hydrochloric acid (HCL) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga.
● Magwero amkuwa
Copper imatha kuchitika kuchokera pazosiyanasiyana monga mkuyu wamkuwa, copper hydroxide (o) Izi zimawathandiza mwachangu ndi ma hydrochloric acid kuti apange zomwe mukufunaCuckric chloride dihydrate(Cucl₂₂₂o).
● chlorine ndi mankhwala ena
Mpweya wa chlorine ndi wofunika kwambiri pokonzekera mkuwa (II) chloride. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachinthu cholunjika cha mkuwa. Hydrochloric acid ndi njira inanso yofunika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zina zophatikizira, makamaka pochita ndi mkuwa oxides kapena carbonates.
● Njira ya chlorinan
Njira yoyambira yopanga zamkuwa (II) chloride imakhudza cholembera cha mkuwa. Njirayi imachitika pamatenthedwe okwera pomwe mkuwa umanena mwachindunji ndi mpweya wa chlorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kupangidwa kwa mkuwa (II) chloride. Zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zochulukirapo, kumasula kutentha kwakukulu.
● Zammwamba - Kutentha Kwambiri Ndi Mkuwa
Kuti muyambitse njirayi, mkuwa umawombedwa kwa red - kutentha kotentha kuyambira 300 - 400 ° C. Kutentha kumeneku, mkuwa umachita ndi mpweya wa chlorine kuti apange mkuwa wosungunuka (II) chloride. Zomwe zimachitika motere:
\ [\ malembedwe {cu (c) + cl} _> mawu {(g) → cucl} ~ \]
● Exthermic chikhalidwe cha njirayi
Izi ndizotulukapo, kutanthauza kuti imasintha kutentha. Zachilengedwe sizimangoyendetsa zomwe zimachitika mtsogolo komanso zimathandizanso kukhalabe ndi kutentha kwa momwe zimafunikira kuti izi zitheke.
● Madoko ena amkuwa ii chloride
Kupatula pa chlorinasi yolunjika, pali njira zingapo zosinthira zamkuwa (II) chloride. Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa hydroxides, oxides, kapena carbonatu, okhudzana ndi hydrochloric acid.
● Kugwiritsa ntchito mabasi amkuwa
Mabasi amkuwa monga mkuwa (II) Hydroxide ndi mkuwa
\ [\ malemba {cu (oh)} _ 2 \ \}} ~}} \} \]
\ [\ lemba {cuco _3 + 2 \}}}}}}}}}} _>} _>}
● Njira zoyeserera
Ele electrouys yam'madzi odziika mankhwala a sodium chloride pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekir zapamkuwa amathanso kutulutsa mkuwa (II) chloride. Mwanjira imeneyi, magetsi amadutsa yankholo, ndikuyambitsa mkuwa kuti akore ma oxidize ndikupanga ma matraini ampikisano omwe amakumana ndi chloride mayoni kuti apange cucl₂. Njirayi, komabe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni chifukwa cha mpweya wa chlorine ndi kupezeka kwa njira yothandiza kwambiri.
● Njira zoyeretsa
Kamodzi kanthawi kokhazikika, mkuwa (II) njira yothetsera yothetsera kuyenera kutsukidwa. Crystallization ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pacholinga ichi.
● Njira za Crystallization
Kuyeretsa mkuwa (II) chloride, yankho limasakanikirana ndi kuthilira ma hydrochloric acid kenako ndikukhazikika mu calcium chloride (cacl₂) Kusamba. Izi zimapangitsa kupanga buluu - makhiristo obiriwira a culoride dihydrate.
● Udindo wa hydrochic acid ndi kusamba kozizira
Asidi a hydrochloric amakhazikika mkuwa (II) chloride mu yankho, kupewa mwana wosabadwa. Kusamba kozizira kumayiko olimbitsa thupi mwachangu kwa mkuwa (II) chloride, kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi oyera kwambiri.
● Mankhwala okhudzana ndi mkuwa II chloride
Mkuwa (II) chloride ndi mankhwala othandiza omwe amatenga nawo mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizaponso ku Redox, hydrolysis, ndi mapangidwe a mgwirizano.
● Kusintha kwa Redmox ndi Courcean
Mkuwa (II) chloride amachita ngati makolemu ofatsa ndipo amakonda mgwirizano ndi manyezi ndi mamolekyulu ena. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kupanga ma ions ngati \ ([Cucl3] ^ {- -
● Hydrolysis ndi kuwonongeka
Copper (II) chloride ikhoza kuchitika hydrolysis mukamagwiridwa ndi maziko, oyenda ngati mkuwa (II) Hydroxide:
\ [\ malemba {Cucl _2 \ \ \} → \}} _ 2 \ mawu} \]
Iyo imawongolera pafupifupi 400 ° C kutimeza zamkuwa (i) chloride ndi mpweya, kuwola kwathunthu pafupi ndi 1,000 ° C.
● Ntchito za mafakitale
Mkulu wa mkuwa (II) mapulogalamu a chloride ndi ochulukirapo komanso osiyanasiyana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yayikulu m'matumbo a mafakitale.
● Chothandizira mu WUCGER
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mkuwa (ii) chloride ili mu acker njira ngati CO - Chothandizira ndi Palladium (II). Njirayi imatembenuza Ethene mpaka Acetaldehyde:
\ [\ mafoni {c} _> \ \} ~ \} {malembedwe} {mawu} + 2 \}
Mkuwa (II) chloride imathandizanso palladium (ii) chloride, potero kukonza gawo la catalytic.
● Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe
Chuma (II) chloride limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku chloric sydrocarbons ndi malo a alpha a carbonyl mankhwala. Amakondanso ma pinonis a quinones kapena zinthu zophatikizidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakati pa zidole zopangidwa.
● Niche komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera
Kuphatikiza pa mafakitale ochuluka mafakitale, mkuwa (II) chloride imapeza ntchito m'magawo apadera.
● PYYOTECHACHICICY ndi Othandizira
Mkuwa (II) chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pyrotechnics kuti apange mitundu ya buluu ndi yobiriwira. Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunsidwa - pambuyo pa mankhwala opanga zozizwitsa.
● Zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mapulogalamu ena
Cobalt - Makhadi aulere a chinyezi pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa (II) chloride amapezeka pamsika. Izi zisonyezo zowoneka bwino chifukwa cha chinyezi. Dothi limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati lodana ndi mafakitale, kusungidwa ndi nkhuni, ndi kuyeretsa kwamadzi.
● Maganizo azachipatala ndi chitetezo
Mkuwa (II) chloride ndi chinthu choopsa ndipo chimayenera kusamalira chisamaliro. Malire ovomerezeka amkuwa amkuwa mu kumwa madzi opangidwa ndi US EPA ndi 1.3 ppm. Kudziwana ndi kuzunzika kwakukulu kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa CNS ndi hemolysis.
● Zoopsa komanso zovomerezeka
Kuwonetsedwa kwa mkuwa (II) chloride kumabweretsa kupweteka mutu, kutsegula m'mimba, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kutentha thupi. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali - Kuwonetseratu kumatha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo, kutsindika kufunika kotsatira malangizo otetezedwa.
● Malamulo ndi malamulo
Chuma (II) chloride ndichinthu chodetsa zachilengedwe, makamaka pamadzi ndi ma virus a dothi. Zimalepheretsa ntchito yotsutsa mabakiteriya, motero zimakhudza chonde ndi nthaka komanso moyenera zachilengedwe.
● Mapeto ndi mayendedwe amtsogolo
Kuwerenga, mkuwa (ii) chloride ikhoza kupezeka kudzera njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo chlorina yowongolera yamkuwa, zimachitika ndi mikangano yamkuwa, ndi njira zamagetsi. Pawiri imagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri, makamaka ngati chothandizira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma hili ku Purotechnics ndi chinyezi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi chisamaliro chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso chilengedwe. Kukula kwa mtsogolo kumatha kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zopangira zopangira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri komanso kufufuza.
ZaZinthu zatsopano za Hongyuan
A Hangzhou Hongyuan zatsopano Com., Ltzhou Fuyaan Reardiction Conserch Concalcle 2012 Zipangizo zamagulu amafufuza pofufuza, kupanga, kupanga, ndi kugulitsa ufa wachitsulo ndi zinthu zamchere. Ndi ndalama ya yun ya 350 miliyoni ndi malo opangira mamita 50,000, kampaniyo imayendetsa mizere yopanga ndipo imakhala ndi kuthekera kwenikweni kwa matani 35,000.
Post Nthawi: 2024 - 10 - 14 10:15:05