Intshayelelo kwi-Copper (II) chloride
Ubhedu (ii) chloride, okwabizwa ngokuba yindekhe yendebe ye-chloride, yindawo ye-Inorganic ye-forgila cucl₂. Ikhona kwiifom ezimbini: I-tyheli - Ifomu emdaka ye-brown kunye neblue - ifomu ye-Dired₂ · 2h₂o). Zombini ezi fomu zenzeka ngokwemvelo, nangona kunqabile, njengoko ii-minerals tolbachite kunye ne-eriochalcite, ngokulandelelana. Kwiseto semizi-mveliso, ubhedu (ii) I-chloride isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-CO - Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimichiza eyahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwinkqubo ye-Wacker yokuvelisa i-Acetaldehyde evela e-Ethylene ukusuka e-Icetane.
● Izinto ezingafunekiyo ze-Copper II ye-chloride yemveliso
Ukuvelisa ubhedu (ii) i-chloride, izixhobo ezininzi eziluhlaza ziyimfuneko. Imithombo ephambili yobhedu ibandakanya ubhedu lwensimbi, i-Copper Oxis, kunye ne-Copper ye-Copper enje ngobhedu (ii) i-carbonate. Irhasi ye-chlorine (cl₂) kunye ne-hydrochloric acid (i-HCL) ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yemveliso.
● Imithombo yoshicilelo
Ubhedu lunokufunyanwa kwimigaqo yemigaqo-nkqubo efana ne-meticper yobhedu, i-charper hydroxide (cu (cu (oh), kunye ne-carcher carbonate (CUCO₃). Ezi zinto zikhohlisa ngokulula kunye ne-hydrochloric acid ukuvelisa i-owIndebe ye-chloride ye-chloride(I-cucl₂/mh₂o).
● I-chlorine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali
Irhasi ye-chlorine yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kumalungiselelo obhedu (ii) chloride. Isetyenziselwa i-therist yobhedu. I-Hydrochloric Acid yenye yezikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zokutsalela, ngakumbi xa ujongene nee-oxis ze-oxiler okanye i-carcedons.
● Inkqubo ye-chlorin
Indlela eyintloko yemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa u-Copper (ii) i-chloride ibandakanya i-chlor yobhedu. Le nkqubo yenzeka kumaqondo obushushu asekuphakamileyo apho ubhedu iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde isebenze ngokuthe ngqo kwigesi ye-chlorine, ikhokelela ekubekweni kobhedu (ii) chloride. Ukuphendula kunamandla amakhulu, ukukhupha isixa esikhulu sobushushu.
● Ukuphakama - Ukusabela kubushushu ngobhedu
Ukuqalisa le nkqubo, ubhedu lushushu kwi-Red - Iqondo lokushisa elishushu lisusela kwi-300 - 400 ° C. Kumaqondo obushushu, ubhedu uphinda wenze igesi ye-chlorine ukuze ube semo ye-molten Copper (ii) chloride. Ukuphendula okuqhubekayo:
\ [\ itekisi {cu (cu (s) + i-CL} _2 \ → iCucl} _2 \ \
● Ukukhupha ubume benkqubo
Le mpendulo yi-exoyermic, okuthetha ukuba ikhupha ubushushu. Imo yendalo engapheliyo iqhuba kuphela impendulo phambili kodwa ikwanceda ukugcina ubushushu obufunekayo bokuba kufanelekile ukuba ukuphendula ukuqhubekeka.
● Isinye se-synthes ye-Copper II Chloride
Ngaphandle komoya ocacileyo, zininzi iindlela zokuqengqa uCepper (ii) chloride. Ezi ndlela zihlala zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydroxides yobhedu, ii-oxide, okanye iikhabhoni, ukuphendula nge-hydrochloric acid.
● Sebenzisa iziseko zobhedu
Iziseko zobhedu ezinje ngobhedu (ii) i-hydroxide kunye ne-copper (ii) ikhabhoni inokusabela kwi-Hydrochloric Acid ukwenza ubhedu (ii) chloride kunye namanzi:
\ [\ Itekisi {cu (cu)}} {\} {\} {o} {o} {o} {o} {o}
\ [\ itekisi {i-cuco} _3 + 2 \} {} {\ \ umfanekiso {O} _2 \] _2 \]
● Iindlela ze-electrochemical
I-electrolysis ye-ecodium chloride isebenzisa ubhedu i-Elecper inokuvelisa kwakhona ubhedu (ii) chloride. Kule ndlela, umbane wangoku udluliselwe kwisisombululo, obangela ubhedu ukuba ucofe kwaye wenze ubhedu lwe-copper emva koko iphendule nge-chloride i-icl₂. Le ndlela, nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kancinci ngenxa yokuphuma kwegesi ye-chlorine kunye nokufumaneka okusebenzayo kweenkqubo ze-chloralkali ezifanelekileyo.
● Iindlela zokucoca
Nje ukuba ungene, ubhedu (ii) isisombululo se-chloride kufuneka sihlanjululwe. Ikristali yenye yezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa le njongo.
● Iindlela zokukriza
Ukucoca ubhedu (ii) chloride, isisombululo sihlala sixutywe ne-Hydrochloric Acid kwaye ipholile kwi-calcium chloride (Cacl₂) i-ice cafin. Oku kukhokelela ekuqulunweni kwe-blue - iikristali eziluhlaza zekratshi cherride
● Indima yeHydrochloric Acid kunye neBhati yokupholisa
I-hydrochloric acid ichitha ubhedu (ii) chloride kwisisombululo, ukuthintela i-hydrolysis ngaphambi kwexesha. Isidima sokuhlambela sokuhlambela kwi-crystalring ye-right (ii) i-chloride, iqinisekisa ubunyulu obuphakamileyo.
● Ukuphendula kwekhemikhali kubandakanya ikopi ye-hloride
Ubhedu (ii) i-chloride yikhemikhali yekhemikhali eqhubekayo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izinto ze-Resox, i-hydrolysis, kunye nokusekwa kweendlela zokulungelelanisa.
● I-Resox Reactions kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweSpeyinti
I-Copper (ii) i-chloride isebenza njengeyona nto ithambileyo kwaye iqhelene nokulungelelanisa nezinye iimolekyuli. Umzekelo, inokwenza ii-ions ezintsonkothileyo \ ([cucl3] ^
● I-Hydrolysis kunye nokuhombisa
Ubhedu (ii) I-chloride inokungaphantsi kwe-hydrolysis xa inyangwa ngesiseko, i-foundriper (ii) i-hydroxide:
\ [\ Itekisi {cucl} _2 + 2 \ umbhalo {\ \ itekisi {\}}}}}}} \ {neacl}
Ikwavala i-400 ° C ukwenza ubhedu (i) i-pheride kunye negesi ye-chlorine, iphela ngokupheleleyo i-1 000 ° C.
● Izicelo zezolimo
UCWANGCISO (II) Izicelo ze-chloride zibanzi kwaye zahluke, kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekusebenziseni kakhulu kwi-Catalysis.
● Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-wacker
Esona sicelo siphambili semizi-mveliso yobhedu (ii) I-chloride ikwinkqubo ye-wacker njenge-CO - i-catalyst nge-Palladium (ii) i-pheride. Le nkqubo iguqula i-Ethene e-Acetaldehyde:
\ [\ Itekisi {c} _2 \ {} {o} {o} {\ isicatshulwa {PD} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl} {hcl}
I-Copper (ii) i-chloride inceda ukuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde i-Palladium (ii) i-chloride, ngaloo ndlela igcina umjikelo obalulekileyo.
● I-synthesis yemilinganiselo ye-organic
I-Copper (ii) i-chloride isetyenziselwa ukuphukisha i-hydrocarbons ye-hydrocarbles kunye ne-alpha indawo ye-carbonyl complets. Ikwavalelwa ii-phenols ukuya kwi-quinones okanye iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo, ezibalulekileyo eziphakathi kwiSyntHic Syntses.
● I-niche kunye nokusetyenziswa okhethekileyo
Ukongeza kwizinto ezibanzi zemizi-mveliso, ubhedu (ii) i-chloride ifumana izicelo kwimihlaba ekhethekileyo.
● I-Pyrotechnics kunye neearhente zombala
I-Copper (ii) i-chloride isetyenziswa kwiPyrotechnics ukuvelisa imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le ndawo iyenza ifunwe - Emva kokudityaniswa komzi-mveliso wokucima umlilo.
● Izalathiso kunye nezinye iinkqubo
I-Cobabalt - Amakhadi esalathi-ntsholongwane asimahla esebenzisa ubhedu (ii) chloride ziyafumaneka kwintengiso. Ezi zikhombisi zitshintsha umbala osekwe kumanqanaba omswakama. I-complet ikwasetyenziswa njenge-mords kumzi-mveliso we-lest, indawo yokugcina iinkuni, kunye nokucoca amanzi.
● Ukuqwalaselwa kwezeMpilo nezokhuseleko
Ubhedu (ii) i-chloride yinto enetyhefu kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe ngononophelo. Umda ovumelekileyo wee-ions ze-aced ezinqabeni ezibekwe ngu-EPA we-US yi-1.3 PPM. Ukuboniswa kugxininiso oluphezulu kunokukhokelela kwimicimbi yempilo enkulu, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwe-CNS kunye neHemolysis.
● Ityhefu kunye nemida evumelekileyo
Ukuvezwa kwe-Copper (II) I-chloride inokubangela intloko, urhudo, ukuhla kwegazi, kunye nomkhuhlane. IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA
● Impembelelo yendalo kunye neMigaqo
I-Copper (ii) i-chloride ikwanenkxalabo yokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi amantshontsho amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ithintela umsebenzi we-bacteria eyakhayo, oko kuchaphazela ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nemali esemo yendalo.
● Ukuqukumbela kunye nezikhokelo ezizayo
Ukuphelisa, ubhedu (ii) I-chloride inokufumaneka ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanya i-hloritotion yobhedu, i-onsorions kunye neziseko zobhedu, kunye neendlela ze-elektroniki. Ingqungquthela inoncedo olubanzi lwemizi mveliso, ngakumbi njengezicelo zenkuthalo, kunye nezixhobo ze-niche kwizalathisi zePyrotechics kunye ne-theasity. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuyisingatha ngononophelo ngenxa yetyhefu yayo kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Ukuhambela phambili kwexesha elizayo kunokugxila kwiindlela ezizinzileyo zokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezicwangciso zomiselo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nophando.
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: 2024 - 10 - 14 10:15:05